NCBI Summary
The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The protein encoded by this gene is an S-type lectin. It is overexpressed in Hodgkin's disease tissue and might participate in the interaction between the H&RS cells with their surrounding cells and might thus play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease and/or its associated immunodeficiency. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
Protein
Protein (NP_033665)
Galectin 9
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) (Ecalectin) (Tumor antigen HOM-HD-21)
LGALS9
galectin 9
Undefined
Curated
Galectin
S-Type Lectins - Tandem repeat
b-sandwich / ConA-like
Gal / Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc / poly LacNAc
NP_033665
3965
O00182
ENSP00000378856.2
O00182
0.497
10.1093/glycob/cwn121
neXtProt, PFAM, InterPro, CFG data
Protein sequence and protein families (fasta) (355 amino acids) Download
MAFSGSQAPYLSPAVPFSGTIQGGLQDGLQITVNGTVLSSSGTRFAVNFQTGFSGNDIAFHFNPRFEDGGYVVCNTRQNGSWGPEERKTHMPFQKGMPFDLCFLVQSSDFKVMVNGILFVQYFHRVPFHRVDTISVNGSVQLSYISFQNPRTVPVQPAFSTVPFSQPVCFPPRPRGRRQKPPGVWPANPAPITQTVIHTVQSAPGQMFSTPAIPPMMYPHPAYPMPFITTILGGLYPSKSILLSGTVLPSAQRFHINLCSGNHIAFHLNPRFDENAVVRNTQIDNSWGSEERSLPRKMPFVRGQSFSVWILCEAHCLKVAVDGQHLFEYYHRLRNLPTINRLEVGGDIQLTHVQT
Mol* PDB structure viewerUniLectin3D
Structural models
AlphaFold v2: AF-O00182-F1Download
  Model Confidence:
  •    Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  •    Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  •    Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  •    Very low (pLDDT < 50)

  AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

AlphaFold_v2 structural model assessment through SWISS-MODEL tools.

Ligand
Glycan ligands from structural data
bGal14Glc
Gal(b1-4)Glc
2EAK, 3LSE, 3WLU
2EAK, 3LSE, 3WLU
GlyConnect Structures
bGal14GlcNAc13bGal14GlcNAc13bGal14GlcNAc
Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNA(c1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc
2ZHM, 2ZHN
2ZHM, 2ZHN
GlyConnect Structures
aGalNAc13bGalNAc13Gal
GalNAc(a1-3)GalNAc(b1-3)Gal
2EAL
2EAL
GlyConnect Structures
bGal14bGlcNAc12Man
Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)Man
3NV3
3NV3
GlyConnect Structures
bGal14GlcNAc13bGal14GlcNAc
Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc
2ZHK, 2ZHL
2ZHK, 2ZHL
GlyConnect Structures
LacNAc, bGal14GlcNAc
Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc
2YY1, 3NV2
2YY1, 3NV2
GlyConnect Structures
aNeuAc23bGal14Glc
NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)Glc
3NV4
3NV4
GlyConnect Structures
Expression
Human Protein Atlas
GeneCards
mRNA expression in normal human tissues for LGALS9 Gene
ProteomicsDB
References
NCBI References (10 PubMed Identifiers)
  • Activated Galectin-9/Tim3 promotes Treg and suppresses Th1 effector function in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. [34137463]
  • High Levels of the Cleaved Form of Galectin-9 and Osteopontin in the Plasma Are Associated with Inflammatory Markers That Reflect the Severity of COVID-19 Pneumonia. [34067072]
  • The Role of Galectin-9 as Mediator of Atopic Dermatitis: Effect on Keratinocytes. [33923930]
  • Immunomodulator Galectin-9 is Increased in Blood and Skin of Patients with Bullous Pemphigoid. [33606034]
  • THE ROLE OF GALECTIN-9 IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS C AND ITS CONNECTION WITH THE TYPE OF THERAPY, THE DEGREE OF FIBROSIS, CLINICAL, LABORATORY, AUTOIMMUNE AND INTEGRATIVE INDICATORS. [34090287]
  • Interferon-gamma stimulates the expression of galectin-9 in cultured human endothelial cells. [12223516]
  • Possible role of galectin-9 in cell aggregation and apoptosis of human melanoma cell lines and its clinical significance. [12115481]
  • Biological activities of ecalectin: a novel eosinophil-activating factor. [11823532]
  • Human ecalectin, a variant of human galectin-9, is a novel eosinophil chemoattractant produced by T lymphocytes. [9642261]
  • Molecular definition of a novel human galectin which is immunogenic in patients with Hodgkin's disease. [9045665]
UniProt Main References (17 PubMed Identifiers)
  • DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage. [16625196]
  • The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). [15489334]
  • Galectin-9 induces maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. [16116184]
  • The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity. [16286920]
  • A crucial role for Kupffer cell-derived galectin-9 in regulation of T cell immunity in hepatitis C infection. [20209097]
  • Galectin-9 binding to cell surface protein disulfide isomerase regulates the redox environment to enhance T-cell migration and HIV entry. [21670307]
  • Profiling Lgals9 splice variant expression at the fetal-maternal interface: implications in normal and pathological human pregnancy. [23242525]
  • Proinflammatory stimuli induce galectin-9 in human mesenchymal stromal cells to suppress T-cell proliferation. [23817958]
  • Galectin-9 functionally impairs natural killer cells in humans and mice. [23408620]
  • Galectin-9 is rapidly released during acute HIV-1 infection and remains sustained at high levels despite viral suppression even in elite controllers. [24786365]
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All isoforms of this gene containing a lectin domain
XP_006721955.1, NP_002299.2, XP_016880112.1, NP_033665.1, XP_006721958.1, NP_001317092.1, XP_006721956.1, XP_011523098.1
RNA
RNA (Transcript ID: NM_009587.3)
NM_009587.3
galectin 9, transcript variant 1
All isoforms of LGALS9 containing a lectin domain
ENST00000395473.7
79..1146 (or 27631266.. 27648982)
27631188.. 27649560
NCBI Matured mRNA sequence 1724 NTPDownload 
m7G-5')ppp(5'-CUUUGUUAAGUCGUUCCCUCUACAAAGGACUUCCUAGUGGGUGUGAAAGGCAGCGGUGGCCACAGAGGCGGCGGAGAGAUGGCCUUCAGCGGUUCCCAGGCUCCCUACCUGAGUCCAGCUGUCCCCUUUUCUGGGACUAUUCAAGGAGGUCUCCAGGACGGACUUCAGAUCACUGUCAAUGGGACCGUUCUCAGCUCCAGUGGAACCAGGUUUGCUGUGAACUUUCAGACUGGCUUCAGUGGAAAUGACAUUGCCUUCCACUUCAACCCUCGGUUUGAAGAUGGAGGGUACGUGGUGUGCAACACGAGGCAGAACGGAAGCUGGGGGCCCGAGGAGAGGAAGACACACAUGCCUUUCCAGAAGGGGAUGCCCUUUGACCUCUGCUUCCUGGUGCAGAGCUCAGAUUUCAAGGUGAUGGUGAACGGGAUCCUCUUCGUGCAGUACUUCCACCGCGUGCCCUUCCACCGUGUGGACACCAUCUCCGUCAAUGGCUCUGUGCAGCUGUCCUACAUCAGCUUCCAGAACCCCCGCACAGUCCCUGUUCAGCCUGCCUUCUCCACGGUGCCGUUCUCCCAGCCUGUCUGUUUCCCACCCAGGCCCAGGGGGCGCAGACAAAAACCUCCCGGCGUGUGGCCUGCCAACCCGGCUCCCAUUACCCAGACAGUCAUCCACACAGUGCAGAGCGCCCCUGGACAGAUGUUCUCUACUCCCGCCAUCCCACCUAUGAUGUACCCCCACCCCGCCUAUCCGAUGCCUUUCAUCACCACCAUUCUGGGAGGGCUGUACCCAUCCAAGUCCAUCCUCCUGUCAGGCACUGUCCUGCCCAGUGCUCAGAGGUUCCACAUCAACCUGUGCUCUGGGAACCACAUCGCCUUCCACCUGAACCCCCGUUUUGAUGAGAAUGCUGUGGUCCGCAACACCCAGAUCGACAACUCCUGGGGGUCUGAGGAGCGAAGUCUGCCCCGAAAAAUGCCCUUCGUCCGUGGCCAGAGCUUCUCAGUGUGGAUCUUGUGUGAAGCUCACUGCCUCAAGGUGGCCGUGGAUGGUCAGCACCUGUUUGAAUACUACCAUCGCCUGAGGAACCUGCCCACCAUCAACAGACUGGAAGUGGGGGGCGACAUCCAGCUGACCCAUGUGCAGACAUAGGCGGCUUCCUGGCCCUGGGGCCGGGGGCUGGGGUGUGGGGCAGUCUGGGUCCUCUCAUCAUCCCCACUUCCCAGGCCCAGCCUUUCCAACCCUGCCUGGGAUCUGGGCUUUAAUGCAGAGGCCAUGUCCUUGUCUGGUCCUGCUUCUGGCUACAGCCACCCUGGAACGGAGAAGGCAGCUGACGGGGAUUGCCUUCCUCAGCCGCAGCAGCACCUGGGGCUCCAGCUGCUGGAAUCCUACCAUCCCAGGAGGCAGGCACAGCCAGGGAGAGGGGAGGAGUGGGCAGUGAAGAUGAAGCCCCAUGCUCAGUCCCCUCCCAUCCCCCACGCAGCUCCACCCCAGUCCCAAGCCACCAGCUGUCUGCUCCUGGUGGGAGGUGGCCUCCUCAGCCCCUCCUCUCUGACCUUUAACCUCACUCUCACCUUGCACCGUGCACCAACCCUUCACCCCUCCUGGAAAGCAGGCCUGAUGGCUUCCCACUGGCCUCCACCACCUGACCAGAGUGUUCUCUUCAGAGGACUGGCUCCUUUCCCAGUGUCCUUAAAAUAAAGAAAUGAAAAUGCUUGUUGGCACAUUCA-3'- Poly-A tail
  • Coding region
NCBI Matured mRNA sequence viewer
;
More about the NCBI sViewer.
DNA
DNA (Gene ID: 3965)
LGALS9
galectin 9
NC_000017.11
17  27631266.. 27648982
27631266.. 27648982
strand +
CCDS11222.1
MGI:109496
ClinVar, dbVar
ENSG00000168961
LGALS9A
uc002gzp.4
INSDC: AB006782
6570
601879
OTTHUMG00000179831
ENA, DDBJ, Monarch
NCBI CDS Gene viewer
More about the NCBI sViewer.
NCBI CDS gene sequence (1068 bp)
5'-ATGGCCTTCAGCGGTTCCCAGGCTCCCTACCTGAGTCCAGCTGTCCCCTTTTCTGGGACTATTCAAGGAGGTCTCCAGGACGGACTTCAGATCACTGTCAATGGGACCGTTCTCAGCTCCAGTGGAACCAGGTTTGCTGTGAACTTTCAGACTGGCTTCAGTGGAAATGACATTGCCTTCCACTTCAACCCTCGGTTTGAAGATGGAGGGTACGTGGTGTGCAACACGAGGCAGAACGGAAGCTGGGGGCCCGAGGAGAGGAAGACACACATGCCTTTCCAGAAGGGGATGCCCTTTGACCTCTGCTTCCTGGTGCAGAGCTCAGATTTCAAGGTGATGGTGAACGGGATCCTCTTCGTGCAGTACTTCCACCGCGTGCCCTTCCACCGTGTGGACACCATCTCCGTCAATGGCTCTGTGCAGCTGTCCTACATCAGCTTCCAGAACCCCCGCACAGTCCCTGTTCAGCCTGCCTTCTCCACGGTGCCGTTCTCCCAGCCTGTCTGTTTCCCACCCAGGCCCAGGGGGCGCAGACAAAAACCTCCCGGCGTGTGGCCTGCCAACCCGGCTCCCATTACCCAGACAGTCATCCACACAGTGCAGAGCGCCCCTGGACAGATGTTCTCTACTCCCGCCATCCCACCTATGATGTACCCCCACCCCGCCTATCCGATGCCTTTCATCACCACCATTCTGGGAGGGCTGTACCCATCCAAGTCCATCCTCCTGTCAGGCACTGTCCTGCCCAGTGCTCAGAGGTTCCACATCAACCTGTGCTCTGGGAACCACATCGCCTTCCACCTGAACCCCCGTTTTGATGAGAATGCTGTGGTCCGCAACACCCAGATCGACAACTCCTGGGGGTCTGAGGAGCGAAGTCTGCCCCGAAAAATGCCCTTCGTCCGTGGCCAGAGCTTCTCAGTGTGGATCTTGTGTGAAGCTCACTGCCTCAAGGTGGCCGTGGATGGTCAGCACCTGTTTGAATACTACCATCGCCTGAGGAACCTGCCCACCATCAACAGACTGGAAGTGGGGGGCGACATCCAGCTGACCCATGTGCAGACATAG-3'
NCBI CDS gene sequence with introns (location: 27631266.. 27648982) (17717 bp)Download
NCBI Gene Viewer (CDS + introns)
NCBI CDS gene sequence with introns, 5'UTR and 3'UTR (location: 27631188.. 27649560) (18373 bp)Download
NCBI Gene Viewer (CDS + introns + Untranslated regions)
NCBI gene sequence (location: [27631188 - 1000].. 27649560) (19373 bp)Download
NCBI Gene Viewer (CDS + introns + Untranslated regions + 1000 dNTP to potentially reach the promotor)
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