NCBI Summary
This gene encodes a member of the C-lectin family, proteins that possess collagen-like sequences and carbohydrate recognition domains. This protein is a scavenger receptor that displays several functions associated with host defense. It can bind to carbohydrate antigens on microorganisms, facilitating their recognition and removal. It also mediates the recognition, internalization, and degradation of oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein by vascular endothelial cells. [provided by RefSeq, May 2018].
Protein
Protein (NP_569057)
SRCL - Scavenger receptor with CTLD
Collectin-12 (Collectin placenta protein 1) (CL-P1) (hCL-P1) (Nurse cell scavenger receptor 2) (Scavenger receptor class A member 4) (Scavenger receptor with C-type lectin)
COLEC12
collectin subfamily member 12
Undefined
Curated
C-type lectin
COLEC12
C-type - Collectins
a/b mixed / C-type lectin-like
Fuc / Lewis x / Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc
NP_569057
81035
Q5KU26
ENSP00000383115.3
Q5KU26
0.406
10.1074/jbc.M701624200
neXtProt, PFAM, InterPro, CFG data
Protein sequence and protein families (fasta) (742 amino acids) Download
MKDDFAEEEEVQSFGYKRFGIQEGTQCTKCKNNWALKFSIILLYILCALLTITVAILGYKVVEKMDNVTGGMETSRQTYDDKLTAVESDLKKLGDQTGKKAISTNSELSTFRSDILDLRQQLREITEKTSKNKDTLEKLQASGDALVDRQSQLKETLENNSFLITTVNKTLQAYNGYVTNLQQDTSVLQGNLQNQMYSHNVVIMNLNNLNLTQVQQRNLITNLQRSVDDTSQAIQRIKNDFQNLQQVFLQAKKDTDWLKEKVQSLQTLAANNSALAKANNDTLEDMNSQLNSFTGQMENITTISQANEQNLKDLQDLHKDAENRTAIKFNQLEERFQLFETDIVNIISNISYTAHHLRTLTSNLNEVRTTCTDTLTKHTDDLTSLNNTLANIRLDSVSLRMQQDLMRSRLDTEVANLSVIMEEMKLVDSKHGQLIKNFTILQGPPGPRGPRGDRGSQGPPGPTGNKGQKGEKGEPGPPGPAGERGPIGPAGPPGERGGKGSKGSQGPKGSRGSPGKPGPQGSSGDPGPPGPPGKEGLPGPQGPPGFQGLQGTVGEPGVPGPRGLPGLPGVPGMPGPKGPPGPPGPSGAVVPLALQNEPTPAPEDNGCPPHWKNFTDKCYYFSVEKEIFEDAKLFCEDKSSHLVFINTREEQQWIKKQMVGRESHWIGLTDSERENEWKWLDGTSPDYKNWKAGQPDNWGHGHGPGEDCAGLIYAGQWNDFQCEDVNNFICEKDRETVLSSAL
Mol* PDB structure viewerUniLectin3D
Structural models
AlphaFold v2: AF-Q5KU26-F1Download
  Model Confidence:
  •    Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  •    Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  •    Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  •    Very low (pLDDT < 50)

  AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Ligand
Glycan ligands from structural data
No crystal structures of complexes with glycan ligand.
Expression
Human Protein Atlas
GeneCards
mRNA expression in normal human tissues for COLEC12 Gene
ProteomicsDB
References
NCBI References (10 PubMed Identifiers)
  • COLEC12 regulates apoptosis of osteosarcoma through Toll-like receptor 4-activated inflammation. [32822099]
  • Soluble collectin-12 mediates C3-independent docking of properdin that activates the alternative pathway of complement. [32909942]
  • Stromal C-type lectin receptor COLEC12 integrates H. pylori, PGE2-EP2/4 axis and innate immunity in gastric diseases. [29491476]
  • Scavenger receptor collectin placenta 1 is a novel receptor involved in the uptake of myelin by phagocytes. [28317919]
  • Common variants in or near ZNRF1, COLEC12, SCYL1BP1 and API5 are associated with diabetic retinopathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. [25819896]
  • Selective binding of the scavenger receptor C-type lectin to Lewisx trisaccharide and related glycan ligands. [15845541]
  • SRCL/CL-P1 recognizes GalNAc and a carcinoma-associated antigen, Tn antigen. [12761161]
  • Haplotype analysis of the human collectin placenta 1 (hCL-P1) gene. [12601552]
  • The membrane-type collectin CL-P1 is a scavenger receptor on vascular endothelial cells. [11564734]
  • Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a human scavenger receptor with C-type lectin (SRCL), a novel member of a scavenger receptor family. [11162630]
UniProt Main References (5 PubMed Identifiers)
  • DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 18. [16177791]
  • The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). [15489334]
  • The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. [17974005]
  • Possible role of scavenger receptor SRCL in the clearance of amyloid-beta in Alzheimer's disease. [16868960]
  • Scavenger receptor C-type lectin binds to the leukocyte cell surface glycan Lewis(x) by a novel mechanism. [17420244]
All isoforms of this gene containing a lectin domain
XP_011524043.1, NP_569057.2
RNA
RNA (Transcript ID: NM_130386.3)
NM_130386.3
collectin subfamily member 12
All isoforms of COLEC12 containing a lectin domain
ENST00000400256.5
188..2416 (or 320045.. 500514)
316737.. 500701
NCBI Matured mRNA sequence 5724 NTPDownload 
m7G-5')ppp(5'-AGCAGAGCGCGGAGCCGGGAGCGCGGGGAGCGCGGGCCGGCGGCGGCGAGGGAGGACGGGGGCGCAGACGGCCGGCGCGCGGCGCGGCUACCAUGGGCGUGCGGUGAGCAGCCGCUCGGGACGACUUCCUCGGCUGCGCGGCGCUCGCGCGGAGCUCCCCGGCCGGCGGUGCGUCCCCACGGUCACCAUGAAAGACGACUUCGCAGAGGAGGAGGAGGUGCAAUCCUUCGGUUACAAGCGGUUUGGUAUUCAGGAAGGAACACAAUGUACCAAAUGUAAAAAUAACUGGGCACUGAAGUUUUCUAUCAUAUUAUUAUACAUUUUGUGUGCCUUGCUAACAAUCACAGUAGCCAUUUUGGGAUAUAAAGUUGUAGAGAAAAUGGACAAUGUCACAGGUGGCAUGGAAACAUCUCGCCAAACCUAUGAUGACAAGCUCACAGCAGUGGAAAGUGACCUGAAAAAAUUAGGUGACCAAACUGGGAAGAAAGCUAUCAGCACCAACUCAGAACUCUCCACCUUCAGAUCAGACAUUCUAGAUCUCCGUCAGCAACUUCGUGAGAUUACAGAAAAAACCAGCAAGAACAAGGAUACGCUGGAGAAGUUACAGGCGAGCGGGGAUGCUCUGGUGGACAGGCAGAGUCAAUUGAAAGAAACUUUGGAGAAUAACUCUUUCCUCAUCACCACUGUAAACAAAACCCUCCAGGCGUAUAAUGGCUAUGUCACGAAUCUGCAGCAAGAUACCAGCGUGCUCCAGGGCAAUCUGCAGAACCAAAUGUAUUCUCAUAAUGUGGUCAUCAUGAACCUCAACAACCUGAACCUGACCCAGGUGCAGCAGAGGAACCUCAUCACGAAUCUGCAGCGGUCUGUGGAUGACACAAGCCAGGCUAUCCAGCGAAUCAAGAACGACUUUCAAAAUCUGCAGCAGGUUUUUCUUCAAGCCAAGAAGGACACGGAUUGGCUGAAGGAGAAAGUGCAGAGCUUGCAGACGCUGGCUGCCAACAACUCUGCGUUGGCCAAAGCCAACAACGACACCCUGGAGGAUAUGAACAGCCAGCUCAACUCAUUCACAGGUCAGAUGGAGAACAUCACCACUAUCUCUCAAGCCAACGAGCAGAACCUGAAAGACCUGCAGGACUUACACAAAGAUGCAGAGAAUAGAACAGCCAUCAAGUUCAACCAACUGGAGGAACGCUUCCAGCUCUUUGAGACGGAUAUUGUGAACAUCAUUAGCAAUAUCAGUUACACAGCCCACCACCUGCGGACGCUGACCAGCAAUCUAAAUGAAGUCAGGACCACUUGCACAGAUACCCUUACCAAACACACAGAUGAUCUGACCUCCUUGAAUAAUACCCUGGCCAACAUCCGUUUGGAUUCUGUUUCUCUCAGGAUGCAACAAGAUUUGAUGAGGUCGAGGUUAGACACUGAAGUAGCCAACUUAUCAGUGAUUAUGGAAGAAAUGAAGCUAGUAGACUCCAAGCAUGGUCAGCUCAUCAAGAAUUUUACAAUACUACAAGGUCCACCGGGCCCCAGGGGUCCAAGAGGUGACAGAGGAUCCCAGGGACCCCCUGGCCCAACUGGCAACAAGGGACAGAAAGGAGAGAAGGGGGAGCCUGGACCACCUGGCCCUGCGGGUGAGAGAGGCCCAAUUGGACCAGCUGGUCCCCCCGGAGAGCGUGGCGGCAAAGGAUCUAAAGGCUCCCAGGGCCCCAAAGGCUCCCGUGGUUCCCCUGGGAAGCCCGGCCCUCAGGGCUCCAGUGGGGACCCAGGCCCCCCGGGCCCACCAGGCAAAGAGGGACUCCCCGGCCCUCAGGGCCCUCCUGGCUUCCAGGGACUUCAGGGCACCGUUGGGGAGCCUGGGGUGCCUGGACCUCGGGGACUGCCAGGCUUGCCUGGGGUACCAGGCAUGCCAGGCCCCAAGGGCCCCCCCGGCCCUCCUGGCCCAUCAGGAGCGGUGGUGCCCCUGGCCCUGCAGAAUGAGCCAACCCCAGCACCGGAGGACAAUGGCUGCCCGCCUCACUGGAAGAACUUCACAGACAAAUGCUACUAUUUUUCAGUUGAGAAAGAAAUUUUUGAGGAUGCAAAGCUUUUCUGUGAAGACAAGUCUUCACAUCUUGUUUUCAUAAACACUAGAGAGGAACAGCAAUGGAUAAAAAAACAGAUGGUAGGGAGAGAGAGCCACUGGAUCGGCCUCACAGACUCAGAGCGUGAAAAUGAAUGGAAGUGGCUGGAUGGGACAUCUCCAGACUACAAAAAUUGGAAAGCUGGACAGCCGGAUAACUGGGGUCAUGGCCAUGGGCCAGGAGAAGACUGUGCUGGGUUGAUUUAUGCUGGGCAGUGGAACGAUUUCCAAUGUGAAGACGUCAAUAACUUCAUUUGCGAAAAAGACAGGGAGACAGUACUGUCAUCUGCAUUAUAACGGACUGUGAUGGGAUCACAUGAGCAAAUUUUCAGCUCUCAAAGGCAAAGGACACUCCUUUCUAAUUGCAUCACCUUCUCAUCAGAUUGAAAAAAAAAAAGCACUGAAAACCAAUUACUGAAAAAAAAUUGACAGCUAGUGUUUUUUACCAUCCGUCAUUACCCAAAGACUUGGGAACUAAAAUGUUCCCCAGGGUGAUAUGCUGAUUUUCAUUGUGCACAUGGACUGAAUCACAUAGAUUCUCCUCCGUCAGUAACCGUGCGAUUAUACAAAUUAUGUCUUCCAAAGUAUGGAACACUCCAAUCAGAAAAAGGUUAUCAUUGGUCGUUGAGUUAUGGGAAGAACUUAAGCAUAUACUGUGUAAACAGUGCCAUACAUUUCUAAAAUCCCAAGUGUAGGAAAAAUAUGCAGACAUACAGAUAUAUAGGCCAACUAUUAGUAAUAAUAUGAAAUAUACUUAAAGAGCUUUUAAAACUUUGUAUUUUUGUACAAAAUAUUUGUCUUUUACAAUUUUUUUCCUUUUUUUUUUUUUGUCAUUUUACCGACAUAAUACAUGGAGCCAAAGAAAACAAUAAUGGUACUAAUAAAAACUCCUAGGGUUUCCUGUCAGAUUUAAUUCUACCCAGUGGCAAAGAAUUUUUUCAAUUGUGGCUUUAAAAAAAUAAUUAAAUAUACAUGUGUAUAUAUAUAUAUAUAUAUAUAUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUAAUGUUUCAUUUCCUCAGAGGAACCAAUCACUUGGAAUGUCUAGAAAUAUCCUUGCAGAUUUUGCCAGUGUCAAUCAAGCCUGCACACAUGCACAGUGAAGCGGGCUGUGCCUGCCUUGAGCCCAUCACCAGCCAACAUUCUUGACGUGUGCCUGACCAGACACAGAAGAAAUGGGCAACUCAAGACGUGCUUCCACUUCAUUUUGGUGGAGUCGGGAGGUGUGGGGGAUGGAGAGGCAUCUGUUGGGAAGGGCACUGAAUCUGGCCUAUCUGGAAGGCCCUGUGUCAUGGCUGAGCUAUGACUGUACUUGGCAUCAGAUCCCUACAGAGCCAACAUUAACUGUCAGGAACGUAUGGCGUCACAUCAGCCAAAGGCAGAGAUGCUAGAAAGAUGGGAACCGGCUACGUGUUACCUGGAAAGUUUGUUUUCUUAAGUCAUAUUCCAAAAACAUAACUCCAAGGCAUACGCAUGAUAAAAUGCAAGAAUAAACUUUUGGCCACUUUGUGGAACUCUUAAAAGAACCUUUCCAGCCGGGCGCAGUGGCUCAUGCCUGUAAUCCCAGCACUUUGGGAGGCCGAGGCAGGCAGAUGACUUGAGGUCAGGAGUUCGAGACCAGCCUGGCCAACGUGGCAAAACCCCAUCUCUACUAAAAAUAAGAAAAUUAGCCGGGUGUAGUGGCACAUGCCUGUAAUCCCAGCUACUCAGGAGGCUGAGGCAGGAGAAUCGCUUGAGCCCAGGAGGCAGAGAUUGCAGUGAGCCAAGAUCGCACCACUGCACUCCAGCCUCGGUGACAGAGCAAGACUCCAUCUCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACCUUUCCUCUGAGCCCAUCUUCCUUUCGCUCCUUGACUUUCCUUGACUUGCUGUUGGAAAGUCUAAUAUGAAAAGGGCUGAAACUAGGCAUUAAAUAUAACUGAUGCUCAAAGGUAAGAUUUCCAUCCAACAGAUUCCUUCUCCCUCCCAAGGGUCUUCCCAGGCAGUGCUGCUACUUAUCCCAAAUAAAAUGGUAAAAGAAUAAAGACAGCCGGGCGCGGUGGCUCACGCCUGUAAUCCCAGCACUUUGGGAGGCCGAGGCGGACGGAUCACAAGGUCAGGAGAUCGAGACCAUCCUGGCUAACACGGUGAAACCCCGUCUCUACUAAAAAUACAAAAAAAAAAUUAGCCGGGCGCGGUGGCGGGCGCCUGUAGUCCCAGCUACUCGGGAGGCUGAGGCAGGAGAAUGGCGUGAACCCAGGAAGCGGAGCUUGCAGUGAGCCGAGAUCGCGCCACUGCACUCCAGCCUGGGCGACAGAGCGAGACUCAUCUCAAAAAGAAAAAAAAAAAAGAAUAAAGACAGAGUUUGACUUUCCCACCUGCGAACAAGUGGACUGUACUGCUUUGCCCACAGUCUCCAUUCCCCAUUCAUGCUGUUUUCACAGCCCAGUAAUGGCCAACUGCUCAGCACCUGUGUGCCCUGCUGUCAGGCAGGUGGGACCCACAGUCCUCUGGGCCUAAACUGCUGAAGCCUGCACCACAAGGCGGGCACGGCAUUCCAACACCUCUUCAGGCUCAACAGCCUUUAGAGGCUACACUGAGUCCUCUUUUUCAUGCUCUUCCUGGUUUUCAAGUGUCAAUUAAAAUUUGUCUUCAGAAGAAACUUGAAAAUAAGUAUCUGAUGCCGUCAUCAGGAUAGACUAGUAUUAGCUUUCGCAGCUGAAGUUAUUGCUCUCCCAGCCCUAAUAAUAACUUACCAAGUGCUUAUUAUUUAUCAGGCACUGGUCCAAGUCCUUCAAUCAGAUUGUCUCACCUGAUCCUCCCAACAGCCCUAGGAAGCAGGUCUUACUACACUCCCCAUUUCACAGGGACUGGGGCUUGGGGAGGUGAUGCGGUUUCCUGGGUCACUCCAUUACUGAGUAGUGAGACAGGAUUCAGACGCAAGCUUUGAAAAUGUUCUAAUUUUCUUUAGAAGGAAGGGCCCUUCUUAAUAGCACACUGAAUAAAAUCAAAUGAAUAAUCACACAUUACAAGAUGCCUCCUAUACGUCUCUAUAUUUAGCUACUUACAUACCAGGUUUCUUUUUUGUUUGUUUUUGUUUUUAAGACAGAGUCUCGCUCUGUCACCCAGGCUGGAGUGCGGUGGCGCGAUCUCGGCUCACUGCAAUCUCUGCCUCCCAGGUUCAAGCGACUCUCCCGCCUCAGCCUCUGCAGUAGCUUAGGGACUACAGGUGCGUGCCACCAUGCCAGGCUAAUUUUUGUGUUUUUAGUAGAGACACGGUUUCGCCAUUUUGGCCAGGCUGGUCUCAAACUCCUGACCUCAGGUGAUCCACCCGCCUUGGCCUCCCAAAGUGCUGGGAUUACAGGUGUGAGCCACCGUGCCCGGCCUACACACCAGCUUUCUAUUCACCUACACACAACUGAUGCUCUUUUGGAGUGGAGAGUUUUAGUAAAAUAUGAUGGGGUCUUCAGGCACCUGAGUUGCUACUUACUACUAUGAGAAGAUAGAAAAUGUUUUUUCCUCUAAACAGCUUUUGAAAGAAUGAAUGCACAACAAGGCAAAAAAUAAAAACUUUCUUUUCCUUUUCUACGA-3'- Poly-A tail
  • Coding region
NCBI Matured mRNA sequence viewer
;
More about the NCBI sViewer.
DNA
DNA (Gene ID: 81035)
COLEC12
collectin subfamily member 12
NC_000018.10
18  320045.. 500514
320045.. 500514
strand -
CCDS32782.1
MGI:2152907
ClinVar, dbVar
ENSG00000158270
SRCL, CL-P1, SCARA4
uc002kkm.4
INSDC: AB038518
16016
607621
OTTHUMG00000178145
ENA, DDBJ, Monarch
NCBI CDS Gene viewer
More about the NCBI sViewer.
NCBI CDS gene sequence (2229 bp)
5'-ATGAAAGACGACTTCGCAGAGGAGGAGGAGGTGCAATCCTTCGGTTACAAGCGGTTTGGTATTCAGGAAGGAACACAATGTACCAAATGTAAAAATAACTGGGCACTGAAGTTTTCTATCATATTATTATACATTTTGTGTGCCTTGCTAACAATCACAGTAGCCATTTTGGGATATAAAGTTGTAGAGAAAATGGACAATGTCACAGGTGGCATGGAAACATCTCGCCAAACCTATGATGACAAGCTCACAGCAGTGGAAAGTGACCTGAAAAAATTAGGTGACCAAACTGGGAAGAAAGCTATCAGCACCAACTCAGAACTCTCCACCTTCAGATCAGACATTCTAGATCTCCGTCAGCAACTTCGTGAGATTACAGAAAAAACCAGCAAGAACAAGGATACGCTGGAGAAGTTACAGGCGAGCGGGGATGCTCTGGTGGACAGGCAGAGTCAATTGAAAGAAACTTTGGAGAATAACTCTTTCCTCATCACCACTGTAAACAAAACCCTCCAGGCGTATAATGGCTATGTCACGAATCTGCAGCAAGATACCAGCGTGCTCCAGGGCAATCTGCAGAACCAAATGTATTCTCATAATGTGGTCATCATGAACCTCAACAACCTGAACCTGACCCAGGTGCAGCAGAGGAACCTCATCACGAATCTGCAGCGGTCTGTGGATGACACAAGCCAGGCTATCCAGCGAATCAAGAACGACTTTCAAAATCTGCAGCAGGTTTTTCTTCAAGCCAAGAAGGACACGGATTGGCTGAAGGAGAAAGTGCAGAGCTTGCAGACGCTGGCTGCCAACAACTCTGCGTTGGCCAAAGCCAACAACGACACCCTGGAGGATATGAACAGCCAGCTCAACTCATTCACAGGTCAGATGGAGAACATCACCACTATCTCTCAAGCCAACGAGCAGAACCTGAAAGACCTGCAGGACTTACACAAAGATGCAGAGAATAGAACAGCCATCAAGTTCAACCAACTGGAGGAACGCTTCCAGCTCTTTGAGACGGATATTGTGAACATCATTAGCAATATCAGTTACACAGCCCACCACCTGCGGACGCTGACCAGCAATCTAAATGAAGTCAGGACCACTTGCACAGATACCCTTACCAAACACACAGATGATCTGACCTCCTTGAATAATACCCTGGCCAACATCCGTTTGGATTCTGTTTCTCTCAGGATGCAACAAGATTTGATGAGGTCGAGGTTAGACACTGAAGTAGCCAACTTATCAGTGATTATGGAAGAAATGAAGCTAGTAGACTCCAAGCATGGTCAGCTCATCAAGAATTTTACAATACTACAAGGTCCACCGGGCCCCAGGGGTCCAAGAGGTGACAGAGGATCCCAGGGACCCCCTGGCCCAACTGGCAACAAGGGACAGAAAGGAGAGAAGGGGGAGCCTGGACCACCTGGCCCTGCGGGTGAGAGAGGCCCAATTGGACCAGCTGGTCCCCCCGGAGAGCGTGGCGGCAAAGGATCTAAAGGCTCCCAGGGCCCCAAAGGCTCCCGTGGTTCCCCTGGGAAGCCCGGCCCTCAGGGCTCCAGTGGGGACCCAGGCCCCCCGGGCCCACCAGGCAAAGAGGGACTCCCCGGCCCTCAGGGCCCTCCTGGCTTCCAGGGACTTCAGGGCACCGTTGGGGAGCCTGGGGTGCCTGGACCTCGGGGACTGCCAGGCTTGCCTGGGGTACCAGGCATGCCAGGCCCCAAGGGCCCCCCCGGCCCTCCTGGCCCATCAGGAGCGGTGGTGCCCCTGGCCCTGCAGAATGAGCCAACCCCAGCACCGGAGGACAATGGCTGCCCGCCTCACTGGAAGAACTTCACAGACAAATGCTACTATTTTTCAGTTGAGAAAGAAATTTTTGAGGATGCAAAGCTTTTCTGTGAAGACAAGTCTTCACATCTTGTTTTCATAAACACTAGAGAGGAACAGCAATGGATAAAAAAACAGATGGTAGGGAGAGAGAGCCACTGGATCGGCCTCACAGACTCAGAGCGTGAAAATGAATGGAAGTGGCTGGATGGGACATCTCCAGACTACAAAAATTGGAAAGCTGGACAGCCGGATAACTGGGGTCATGGCCATGGGCCAGGAGAAGACTGTGCTGGGTTGATTTATGCTGGGCAGTGGAACGATTTCCAATGTGAAGACGTCAATAACTTCATTTGCGAAAAAGACAGGGAGACAGTACTGTCATCTGCATTATAA-3'
NCBI CDS gene sequence with introns (location: 320045.. 500514) (180470 bp)Download
NCBI Gene Viewer (CDS + introns)
NCBI CDS gene sequence with introns, 5'UTR and 3'UTR (location: 316737.. 500701) (183965 bp)Download
NCBI Gene Viewer (CDS + introns + Untranslated regions)
NCBI gene sequence (location: [316737.. 500701 + 1000]) (184965 bp)Download
NCBI Gene Viewer (CDS + introns + Untranslated regions + 1000 dNTP to potentially reach the promotor)
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